Without enough prep work, your results may disappoint you.
With 30-year interest rates well below 5 percent, and 15-year interest rates between 4 percent and 4.5 percent, it's time to start seriously thinking about refinancing your mortgage. But before you high-tail it to the nearest mortgage lender and fill out a mortgage application, there are eight things you should do:
1. Check out the interest rate you have on your current loan. When interest rates dip, the natural inclination is to start filling out loan applications left and right. But too many times, homeowners are focused solely on the new interest rate instead of how much they'll save by refinancing. While you may get water cooler-bragging rights, you should refinance only if it's going to save you money.
2. Find out how much your home is really worth. There's no way to sugarcoat it: Home values have sunk around the country an average of about 20 percent in the past year. In some places, such as Las Vegas, Miami, Phoenix and the San Francisco Bay Area, the decline has been twice as steep. It's vital to assess whether your home still has any equity (the difference between what you owe and what the home is worth) or if you are "underwater" with your mortgage (meaning that you owe more to your lender than the property is worth. Whether you have equity will determine what kind of refinance is open to you.
3. If you're underwater with your mortgage, assess how far underwater you are. While federal requirements have changed with regard to refinancing loans owned or serviced by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or FHA, if your loan is more than 105 percent of the value of the property, you may not be able to refinance without bringing cash to the table. (You may still be eligible for a loan modification, however.)
4. Get a copy of your credit history and credit score. Since the credit crisis began, lenders have raised the credit scores required to get approved for the best loan programs and best interest rates. The best place to go for a copy of your credit history and credit score is AnnualCreditReport.com. It's the only place where the three credit reporting bureaus provide a free copy of your credit history each year, plus you can pay $7.95 for a copy of your credit score. Choose the Equifax credit score, since it's the one closest to the score used by most lenders. You can also go to MyFico.com and purchase your credit history and FICO score for $15.95. You may also find their online community to be helpful in terms of suggestions on how to raise your credit score
5. Start identifying potential lenders. Shopping around for a loan takes a little more planning and effort than it used to, as lenders have jacked up the fees they charge to underwrite and process the loan. Your best bet is to talk to a national lender, a credit union (if you belong to one or can join one), a local mortgage broker (call your Las Cruces real estate agent if you don't know one and ask for several recommendations), and perhaps an online lender.
6. Find out if your second lender will subordinate to your first lender. If you have a first and a second mortgage (also known as a home equity loan), find out whether the second lender will subordinate to the new first lender. That will allow you to refinance your first mortgage, while leaving your second loan in place. Many second lenders will not agree to this, and if yours doesn't, you may not be able to refinance at all unless you pay off the second loan. One possibility is to refinance your first mortgage with the lender who owns your second loan.
7. Focus on the big picture, not just the interest rate. While the interest rate you'd get is important, it's also important to calculate how much you'd pay in fees, and how long it will take to pay yourself back the cost of the refinance with your monthly savings. For example, if you're going to save only $50 per month, and it costs you $5,000 to refinance, it'll take you 100 months -- or more than eight years -- to pay back the cost of doing the loan. You won't start saving until well into the eighth year of paying down the mortgage. So, unless you're cutting the term of the mortgage significantly (going from a 30-year to a 15-year), or you're able to pay off the costs in a relatively short period of time (say, less than a year or 18 months), it may not pay to refinance.
8. Get your paperwork together ahead of time. Before the housing crisis, you could almost do a refinance over the phone. In fact, you could call the loan officer you worked with regularly and put in your order for a refinance. You could do a no-cost refinance without providing much in the way of proof of earnings, or account statements or copies of tax returns. The forms would be delivered to your home, and then you'd sign them and send them in. Today, you've got to have your paperwork in order before you can refinance. Gather your W-2, a current paycheck, copies of your last two federal and state tax returns, copies of your bank accounts, retirement accounts, and other assets. Then call the lender.
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